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Roelof Botha30 March 2020

Adapting Episode 2: Sequoia’s Black Swan Memo (with Roelof Botha)

3Frameworks
10Insights

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Frameworks in this episode

Insights & moments

The myth-busts, hot takes, explainers, and tools worth keeping.

Hot Take· 1

Hot Take31:30

Forced Remote Work Will Permanently Widen Startup Geography

Botha predicts that the forced remote-work experiment will accelerate an existing shift toward distributed companies. Measurable evidence about remote performance, combined with Bay Area costs, could lead founders to start companies in more places and investors to evaluate them online.

  • High Bay Area living and engineering costs already encouraged distribution
  • Forced remote work created a large measurable experiment
  • Companies will improve at managing distributed teams
  • Silicon Valley does not monopolize idea generation
  • Investors may perform more company assessments online

“We you know, as humans, we resist behavior change whenever we can, and this is forcing behavior change.”

Roelof Botha · 32:00

“You know, Silicon Valley doesn't have a monopoly on idea generation, and I think many more people will start companies elsewhere”

Roelof Botha · 32:30
#remote-work#distributed-teams#silicon-valley#startups

Explainer· 3

Explainer13:30

Why Exponential Threats Look Trivial Until They Suddenly Don't

Botha explains that people intuitively underestimate processes that double repeatedly. A problem that appears small can become dramatically different within two weeks, making early action essential before the visible numbers feel alarming.

  • Exponential growth is difficult to understand intuitively
  • Doubling every six days creates a rapid change in scale
  • Limited testing concealed the true number of US infections
  • Early action matters because visible data lags underlying spread

“And things that grow exponentially, we just don't understand it.”

Roelof Botha · 15:00

“Something that looked trivial 12 days ago, but is doubling every six days, suddenly looks dramatically different just two weeks later.”

Roelof Botha · 15:00
#exponential-growth#risk#covid-19#decision-making
Explainer26:00

Inside Sequoia's Virtual War Room

Sequoia shifted its LP meeting, internal coordination, hiring, and investment work online while prioritizing portfolio health. Partners used daily standups and company-by-company runway analysis to identify the two or three dozen businesses needing the most immediate help.

  • The biannual LP meeting moved from India to California and then online
  • Daily Zoom standups helped the partnership coordinate remotely
  • Sequoia compared prior and revised runway for every US portfolio company
  • Attention was concentrated on the companies facing the greatest impact
  • The firm continued virtual hiring and approved new Series A investments

“The most important thing we focused on over the last two weeks is our companies.”

Roelof Botha · 27:00

“So literally company by company across every single company in the US, we've gone down to figure out okay, at your end in December, what…”

Roelof Botha · 28:00
#sequoia#portfolio-management#remote-work#runway
Explainer35:30

Why Venture Dry Powder Does Not Guarantee Steady Deployment

Committed capital at venture firms does not isolate the ecosystem from limited partners' financial pressures. Falling public markets can increase private-market allocation percentages, while lower donations and continuing institutional expenses can create cash-flow problems that eventually reduce venture commitments.

  • Dry powder does not guarantee unchanged deployment rates
  • Falling public markets can make private allocations disproportionately large
  • Universities and nonprofits depend on endowment distributions
  • Donations may decline during economic stress
  • LP cash-flow pressure can reduce future venture capital deployment

“I suspect some LPs are going to end up with cash flow issues, just like there are many other businesses that they're gonna end up…”

Roelof Botha · 36:00

“So philanthropy shrinks in an environment like this.”

Roelof Botha · 37:00
#limited-partners#venture-capital#endowments#cash-flow

Story· 2

Story07:00

Why Sequoia Warned Founders Before America Woke Up

Sequoia's global partnership saw the Chinese lockdown and concluded that American companies were underestimating the approaching disruption. Despite the risk of being called alarmist or blamed for worsening fear, the firm believed it had an obligation to warn founders early.

  • Sequoia observed the crisis through its China partnership
  • The firm had experienced multiple previous business cycles
  • Its prior comparable warning was the 2008 RIP Good Times presentation
  • Botha preferred embarrassment from a false alarm to silence before a real crisis

“It was like watching an accident happen in slow motion. You could just you could just see it.”

Roelof Botha · 07:30

“It is so much more important for us to to put the word warning out.”

Roelof Botha · 09:00
#sequoia#black-swan#covid-19#crisis-warning
Story38:30

Sequoia Waited Four Years to Distribute a Single Square Share

Square's nine-dollar IPO pricing and negative press were painful, but management focused on execution rather than the stock price. Sequoia then held its shares for four years, allowing the business and market price to develop before distributing shares to limited partners.

  • The IPO quiet period prevented a response to negative coverage
  • Botha believed Square left money on the table at nine dollars per share
  • Management focused on controllable execution
  • Sequoia distributed no Square shares for four years
  • Patience improved returns and strengthened the investor-company relationship

“We can't control our stock price. What we can control is our execution.”

Roelof Botha · 40:00

“So we didn't distribute a single square share until four years after the IPO.”

Roelof Botha · 40:30
#square#ipo#investing#patience#execution

Tool· 1

Tool19:30

Peer Communities Turn Portfolio Experience Into Crisis Support

Sequoia created structured ways for founders and CFOs to exchange advice without requiring an investor in every conversation. These groups shared practical responses to layoffs, rent relief, debt renegotiation, failed financing, and the emotional burden of operating through a crisis.

  • Founder peers can exchange practical and emotional support
  • Industry-specific sessions improve the relevance of advice
  • CFO groups face common cash and financing challenges
  • Some founder sessions deliberately exclude Sequoia personnel
  • Existing in-person community programs were recreated online

“So lean into community, lean into your product.”

Roelof Botha · 19:30

“We're arranging founder to founder sessions, uh, no sequire person present, uh, where they can just industries that are relevant where they can share best…”

Roelof Botha · 20:30
#community#founders#cfos#peer-support#sequoia

Takeaway· 3

Takeaway18:00

When Sales Stall, Keep Building the Product

Companies not directly benefiting from the crisis may find sales and marketing channels impaired or inappropriate. Botha argues that they can still invest in product development so they emerge with a differentiated offering when the competitive landscape clears.

  • Remote-work and delivery companies received immediate demand benefits
  • Most companies could not rely on those favorable effects
  • Face-to-face enterprise selling became difficult
  • Some marketing could appear insensitive during the crisis
  • Survivors could emerge into a less crowded market

“The thing that I think really everybody can focus on in this time is product development.”

Roelof Botha · 18:00

“Keep on investing in your product.”

Roelof Botha · 18:30
#product-development#startups#downturn#competitive-advantage
Takeaway23:30

A Crisis Reveals Who Can Reconnect a Company to Its Mission

Botha argues that long periods of easy conditions do not test organizations deeply. A crisis differentiates leaders who merely manage from those who step forward, provide direction, and remind employees why the company exists beyond shipping a product.

  • Calm conditions provide a weak test of leadership
  • Crisis behavior differentiates people and companies
  • Leaders must provide direction under pressure
  • A durable mission extends beyond product delivery

“C is never made a good sailor.”

Roelof Botha · 23:30

“You know, who steps up, who provides leadership, who reminds a company of the mission of the company, the purpose that they have beyond just…”

Roelof Botha · 24:00
#leadership#mission#crisis#company-culture
Takeaway29:30

Sequoia Added Adaptability to Its Founder Questions

Sequoia's core standards for early-stage investments remained focused on differentiated products solving important problems. What changed was an explicit test of whether founders could respond nimbly to altered circumstances rather than remaining tone-deaf to the world around them.

  • Series A companies still need differentiated products
  • Important problems can transcend a temporary market disruption
  • Sequoia asks how founders will respond to changed conditions
  • Nimbleness and flexibility became explicit evaluation signals
  • Digital health and online education appeared potentially favored

“We have asked people how they plan to respond to a changing circumstance, a little bit of a test on whether they're nimble, are they…”

Roelof Botha · 30:00

“And are we forced into a behavior change through this environment we're in now that sticks?”

Roelof Botha · 30:30
#venture-capital#founders#adaptability#series-a